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Searing attacks on religion are wholly smoke Searing attacks on religion are wholly smoke

March 16, 2007

In the Chicago SunTimes' Daily Southtown  By Andrew Greeley

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  On March 4 there were two devastating attacks on religion in major national media: the Discovery Channel and the New York Times Magazine, both of which ought to know better. The former presented a long (and dull) program, ''The Lost Tomb of Jesus,'' which argued that Jesus and his wife Mary Magdalene were buried side by side in a tomb outside of Jerusalem. It presented dramatizations of the loving couple with their son Judah.

  The Times reported evolutionary biologists and cognitive psychologists had determined that religion was a product or perhaps only a byproduct of evolution. Either it was an ''adaptive'' process that furthered the evolutionary advance of the species or a ''spandrel'' -- merely a byproduct without any useful purpose, and perhaps with a negative impact.

  It would seem that the majority of these scholars lean in the spandrel direction, though the Times reporter and some others seemed to favor the former. Religion is adaptive, they suggest, because it furthers the development of human community (an idea suggested more than a century ago by sociologist Emile Durkheim, who did not have the advantage of working with brain-scanning devices). In either case, the species is programmed for religion, and it will never go away.

  "The Lost Tomb'' was a fine blend of ''The Da Vinci Code'' and Indiana Jones. Leaving aside questionable archeological methods (no intense peer review before broadcast), its arguments omit important facts.


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bullet Jesus and his family were poor. Nazareth in those days was little more than a collection of huts and caves. They would not be able to afford an expensive and elaborate tomb.
 
bullet Jesus would not have been buried in Jerusalem but at his home in Galilee.
 
bullet Since the tomb was in or near a Christian necropolis (cemetery), its location would be known to the local Christians, who would be devoted to it. The information would be leaked to authorities, Jewish and Roman, who would surely have sacked the tomb and used the body as a refutation of the Resurrection.
 
bullet Despite Dan Brown and Nikos Kazansakis, there is no proof Jesus and Mary Magdalene were married. None. Zip. Nada. That there was strong affection between them is illustrated in the embrace in the garden outside the tomb in John's Gospel. It does not follow that they jumped into bed together -- then or ever. The 4th century gospel of Philip (who was NOT Mary of Magdala's brother or cousin) is very late witness and suspect because of its Gnostic content.

''The Lost Tomb'' is pure fantasy.

  Many cognitive psychologists and evolutionary biologists are reductionists. There is nothing but matter. Brain architecture and brain chemicals are sufficient to explain all phenomena. There is no soul, no spirit, no consciousness. Such a scholar could measure the activity and perhaps the chemicals in the brain of an artist painting a beautiful picture. But his elaborate tools would not enable him to account for the subject of the painting, its quality, or its impact on those who would view it. Same for the cave paintings in southern France. The same scholars could name the brain activities that occur when I'm writing a story. But they do not account for the plot, the characters or the illumination I'm trying to create. These matters, surely rooted in the brain, are nonetheless activities of spirit.

  Evolutionary biologists are brilliant. By comparing us with our ancestors, they are able to estimate when in the evolutionary process various human traits emerged. This is ingenious but speculative work; it requires imagination, storytelling, and a touch of fantasy: all exercises of spirit. (Why the intense and constant sexual desires among humans, which do not occur in most other primates?)

  Both products of that Sunday's assault on religion were necessarily fantasy. Both required ingenuity and dedication. Both ought to have been debated, not only by other scholars, but also philosophers and scientists who are not reductionists.

  There is no reason to question the intentions of those involved. However, since religion seems to be destined by evolution to continue anyway, such attacks will also likely continue.

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